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    • 专利摘要:
    MODULATION BASED ON ADAPTIVE PACKAGE AND SELECTION OF CODING RATE BASED FOR BROADBAND WIDTH DATA TRANSMISSIONSA method for transmitting information on a wireless system is provided. In this method, traffic on a plurality of channels can be determined. A bandwidth for a packet can be selected based on available traffic and channel bandwidths. A modulation and encoding rate can be selected from a plurality of associated modulations and encoding rates. Modulation and encoding rate can be applied to a segment of the packet, where each segment includes one or more units of bandwidth. The packet including the selected modulation and encoding rate can be transmitted on at least one channel.
    公开号:BR112013022512A2
    申请号:R112013022512-2
    申请日:2012-02-24
    公开日:2020-08-04
    发明作者:Youhan Kim；Ning Zhang
    申请人:Qualcomm Incorporated；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    “MODULATION BASED ON ADAPTIVE PACKAGE AND RATE SELECTION
    BASED CODING SYSTEM FOR BROADBAND WIDTH DATA TRANSMISSIONS ”Related Orders This application claims priority from US provisional patent application No. 61 / 449,449, entitled" Mechanisms To Support Dynamic Bandwidth Selection And Noncontiguos Transmissions ", filed March 4 of 2011 and provisional US patent application No. 61 / 485,525 entitled "Mechanisms To Support Dynamic Bandwidth Selection And Noncontiguous Transmissions", filed on May 12, 2011. Field of the Invention This specification is aimed at improving the performance of a system wireless communication and in particular to a wireless local area network (WLAN) that can dynamically select and use wide channel bandwidths. Related Technique The performance of wireless local area networks (WLANS) is constantly being revised and improved to accommodate and / or anticipate new user applications. Much of this activity is conducted by the IEEE 802.11 standards organization. This organization developed a number of standards for the 2.4 GHz frequency band, including IEEE 802.11 (DSSS (Direct Sequence Spreading Spectrum), 1-2 Mbps), IEEE 802.l11b (CCK (complementary code switching) , 11 Mbps) and IEEE.l11g (OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), 54 Mbps). The latest standard is IEEE 802.11n (MIMO-OFDM (OFDM of multiple inputs and multiple outputs), 600 Mbps), which supports both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands.
    In addition to this progress, the industry is now looking to improve WLANS throughput performance to exceed 1 Gbps. Therefore, there is a need for methods and devices that can enable the performance of WLAN systems to achieve this performance objective. Summary of the Invention A method for transmitting information on a wireless system is provided. In this method, traffic on a plurality of channels can be determined. A bandwidth for a packet can be selected based on available traffic and channel bandwidths. A modulation and encoding rate can be selected from a plurality of associated modulations and encoding rates. Modulation and encoding rate can be applied to a segment of the packet, where each segment includes one or more units of bandwidth. The packet including the modulation and the selected encoding rate can be transmitted on at least one channel.
    The method may additionally include adjusting the selected modulation and encoding rate, as needed, on a per package basis. The bandwidth of the packet can be provided in a contiguous or non-contiguous spectrum. When the bandwidth of the packet is provided in a non-contiguous spectrum, the method may additionally include correlation phases for any synthesizers, and the positioning of two packet segments adjacent to each other in a transmission waveform.
    In one embodiment, at least one unit of bandwidth is 40 MHz and The package has a maximum of four units of bandwidth. A unit of bandwidth, provided on a primary channel, may include a symbol specifying the selected modulation and encoding rate. Note that uneven bandwidth in the bandwidth units can be used. A bitmap that specifies whether each unit of bandwidth is used in the packet can be provided. Notably, an order of the bandwidth units in the bitmap can be independent of the actual transmission of the bandwidth units. In one embodiment, the method may additionally include providing information regarding a predetermined number of subsequent, sequentially transmitted packets having a modulation and encoding rate selected in a packet data field.
    A method of transmitting bitmap information on a wireless system is also provided. In this method, traffic on a plurality of channels can be determined. A bandwidth for a packet can be selected based on available traffic and channel bandwidths. Bandwidth can be divided into a maximum allowed number of bandwidth units.
    A bitmap indicating whether each unit of bandwidth is used can be generated. The packet including the bitmap can be transmitted on at least one channel. Notably, an order of bandwidth units in the bitmap can be independent of the actual transmission of the bandwidth units.
    A wireless device is also provided, where the wireless device includes a transmitter configured to perform the steps described above. A wireless system including first and second transceivers is provided.
    Notably, the wireless system can also include switches to selectively configure the first and second transceivers for one of the non-contiguous frequency operation and the multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) operation.
    A method of transmitting a packet from a transmitter configured for at least one non-contiguous frequency operation to a known receiver configured for only contiguous frequency operation is provided. In this method, the phases of any synthesizers on the transmitter can be correlated. Then, any segments of the package can be positioned adjacent to each other in a waveform. At that point, the waveform can be transmitted to the receiver.
    Brief Description of the Drawings Figures 1A and 1B - illustrate MIMO transmissions of single user (802.l11n) and MIMO of multiple users (proposal 802.11ac).
    Figure 2A - illustrates a crowded frequency spectrum and a non-contiguous bandwidth operation for that spectrum.
    Figure 2B - illustrates the available channels and associated bandwidths in the 5 GHz band according to several IEEE 802.11 standards.
    Figure 3 - illustrates various modalities of contiguous and non-contiguous spectra.
    Figure 4A and Figure 4B - illustrate an exemplary 802.l1lac transmission technique proposed.
    Figure 5A - illustrates an exemplary BWU structure having two segments.
    Figure 5B - illustrates modalities of three packets in which the transmission of segment 1 (BWU 1 and BWU 2) precedes that of segment 2 (BWU 3 and BWU 4).
    Figure 5C - illustrates three packet modalities in which the transmission of segment 2 (BWU 3) precedes that of segment 1 (BWU 1 and BWU 2).
    Figure 5D - illustrates two modalities in which only one segment is transmitted.
    Figure 6A - illustrates an exemplary bitmap table illustrating five bandwidth unit configurations for contiguous or non-contiguous transmissions.
    Figure 6B - illustrates a method of transmitting bitmap information on a wireless system.
    Figure 7A - illustrates a frequency segment associated with multiple channels.
    Figure 7B - illustrates a simplified package including sequencing and signal information and a piece of data.
    Figure 8A - shows a 40 MHz BSS (BSS1) overlap with a 20 MHz BSS (BSS2) on a secondary channel, which can occur in 802.11n.
    Figure 8B - illustrates a first solution in which BSS1 waits for its transmission until all 40 MHz are available, that is, after the transmission of BSS2.
    Figure 8C - illustrates a second solution in which BSS1 can transmit its PPDU using only 20 MHz (after the end of the random backoff) on the primary channel while BSS2 uses the secondary channel for its 20 MHz transmission (which was initiated before transmission by BSS1 ).
    Figure 8D - illustrates a BSSl having an 80 MHz transmission overlap with multiple 20 MHz BSSs, that is, BSS2, BSS3 and BSS4.
    Figure 8E - illustrates that, when using a static bandwidth transmission, BSSl may need to wait a significant time for all 80 MHz to be free.
    Figure 8F - illustrates a transmitter being configured to realize what part of the BSS bandwidth is available, and to dynamically adjust the bandwidth to take advantage of an available channel.
    Figures 9A and 9B - illustrate a contiguous transmission including multiple modulations and encoding rates, respectively, and a non-contiguous transmission including the same modulations and encoding rates.
    Figure 9C - illustrates an exemplary technique for providing different modulations and encoding rates in a package for improved transmission.
    Figures 10A, 10B and 10C - illustrate exemplary modulation schemes for improved transmission.
    Figure 11 - illustrates how a synthesizer with a very short fixation time can be used to meet various performance requirements.
    Figure 12 - illustrates an improved calibration method to compensate for analog losses.
    Figure 13A - illustrates a WLAN system with a 160 MHz BSS that can transmit a packet having a bandwidth of 20, 40, 80 or 160 MHz.
    Figure 13B - illustrates an exemplary WLAN configuration including multiple synthesizers and a synthesizer selection component.
    Figure 14A - illustrates an exemplary transmitter that facilitates the generation of improved intermediate frequency (IF).
    Figure 14B - illustrates that a digital IF, that is, with an appropriate frequency input selection on the digital part of a transmitter, can minimize the actual amount of interference being emitted outside the intended transmission spectrum.
    Figure 15 - illustrates a modality in which a single synthesizer and a few mixers can effectively implement two synthesizers.
    Figures 16A and 16B - illustrate an exemplary WLAN system in which the transmitter is a non-contiguous device and the receiver is a contiguous device.
    Figure 17 - illustrates an exemplary configurable transceiver that can provide both non-contiguous and MIMO operation.
    Detailed Description of the Figures Currently, a new IEEE 802.11 standard is being developed. This standard, which will be designated as
    802.11ac, has an objective to improve the throughput performance beyond the 802.l11n standard, that is, to exceed 1 Gbps. The draft DO.l1 of 802.l1lac uses specific terminology, which will also be used here to facilitate reference. Exemplary terms are defined below.
    "Frequency spectrum" generally refers to the entire frequency spectrum that may be needed to support the transmission of a packet. The frequency spectrum can comprise one or more frequency segments (see below).
    "Package" refers to data in the frequency spectrum at any point in time.
    "Bandwidth unit (BWU)", in the proposed 802.1lac, refers to 40 MHz of frequency spectrum. A package can have up to 4 BWUs, which are designated BWU 1, BWU 2, BWU 3, and BWU 4.
    "Partition" refers to a frequency spectrum designated within a BWU. A 40 MHz BWU can have two 20 MHz partitions. The primary channel (20 MHz) and the The secondary channel (20 MHz) use the two partitions in BWU 1.
    "Segment" refers to a set of one or more BWUs. If there is no space in the frequency between two BWUs, then the two BWUs are part of a segment. If there is a gap in frequency between the two BWUs, then each BWU is a segment. In the proposed 802.llac, a maximum of two segments per packet is allowed.
    The broad objective for 802.l1lac proposed includes ensuring Very High Transfer Rate (VHT) (<6 GHz) by using wide channel (BW) bandwidths (80 or 160 MHz) and antennas of multiple inputs and multiple outputs for multiple users (MU-MIMO). Another objective includes backward compatibility with systems
    802.11a, and 802.11hn operating at 5 GHz. Another additional objective includes the following target MAC transfer rate: single user transfer rate> 500 Mbps and aggregate multiple user transfer rate> 1 Gbps.
    Figures 1Ah and 1B illustrate exemplary single-user MIMO (802.11nN) and multiple-user MIMO (proposed 802.l1lac) transmissions, respectively.
    As shown in figure 1A, in single-user MIMO transmission, a device 100 (for example, an access point (AP)) can transmit multiple data streams (i.e., streams 101, 102, 103 and 104) to a single device 105 (e.g., a station (STA)). In contrast, as shown in Figure 1B, in MIMO transmission from multiple users, device 100 can transmit data streams to multiple devices, such as devices 105, 106 and 107. In this embodiment, device 105 can receive streams 101 and 102 , while devices 106 and 107 can receive flows 103 and 104, respectively. This target transmission capacity may allow the device 100 to keep the total downlink transfer rate high even when communicating with simple (and inexpensive) devices. In previous WLAN standards, bandwidths were limited to 20 MHz and 40 MHz.
    In contrast, with the proposed 802.l1lac standard, a higher transfer rate can be achieved with the 80 MHz and 160 MHz bandwidth modes.
    Table 1 describes various options for the number of streams, the type of QOAM modulation and associated encoding rates (Modulation and Encoding Scheme (MCS)), and bandwidth selections.
    The options listed in Table 1 can achieve a transfer rate of TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) greater than 1 GHz.
    Table 1 PB 256-0AM 3/4 E [256-0AM 3/4 64-0AM 2/3 256-0AM 3/4 Table 2 indicates the potential data rates (in Mbps) for a variety of MCSs for the flows 1 and 3 (where Nss refers to the number of spatial flows or flows). Table 2 MCs 160 MHz [40 MHZ [80 MHz [160 MHz BPSK 1/2 195.0 QPSK 1/2 130.0 [90.0 [195.0 [390.0 QPSK 1/2 195.0 135.0 292.5 | 585.0 16-QAM 130.0 | 260.0 180.0 390.0 780.0 1/2 16-QAM 260.0 390.0 270.0 585.0 1170.0 3/4 120.0 [252.5 [520.0 360.0 [780.0 | 1560.0 2/3 64-QAM 135.0 325.0 585.0 405.0 1755.0 3/4 150.0 [ 390.0 [650.0 450.0 | 975.0 | 1950.0
    EA Auf eta 3/4 RS ines 5/6 As the bandwidth increases, it becomes more difficult to find a contiguous frequency spectrum available for larger bandwidth applications.
    For example, the frequency spectrum can be divided into slices that do not easily accommodate wide bandwidth transmissions.
    Figure 2A illustrates an exemplary environment in which a new WLAN (160 MHz) 200 needs to share the frequency spectrum with existing narrower WLANS 201, 202 and 203 (for example, 40 MHz) and radio devices (for example, radar) 205 and 206. A possible solution for a crowded spectrum (as shown in figure 2A) is a non-contiguous bandwidth mode of operation in which the WLAN bandwidth 200 is divided into two frequency segments, for example, segment 210 (80 MHz) and segment 211 (80 MHz), thus increasing the probability of finding channels available for transmission.
    In one mode, a 160 MHz non-contiguous transmission can use any two 80 MHz channels.
    In Figure 2A, segment 210 is transmitted over a low frequency part of a U-NII World band, while segment 211 is transmitted in the U-NII band 3. Segments can be located on any channels available in the operating environment. .
    Figure 2B illustrates the channels available in the 5 GHz band in the United States.
    Note that the 20 MHz channels are designated in 802.1la (with the exception of channel 144), the 40 MHz channels are designated in 802.l11n (with the exception of the 40 MHz channel having primaries in 140 and 144), and the 20 + 40 + 80 + 160 MHz channels are proposed to be designated in 802.l1lac. Note that only the channel numbers for the 20 MHz channels are shown in figure 2B. The channel numbers for other bandwidth channels (ie 40, 80 and 160 MHz) used here are based on the nearest 20 MHz channels in frequency. For example, the lowest frequency 40 MHz channel has a channel number of 38 referred to here, which can be discerned by its location in relation to the 20 MHz channels 36 and 40.
    Referring again to figure 2A, it is noted that segments 210 and 211 are used in a synchronized manner, that is, both segments are in transmission mode (TX) or both segments are in reception mode (RX). Furthermore, in a non-contiguous transmission, the signals in segments 210 and 211 are coupled to the same receivers.
    Note that in previous WLAN standards, the BSS bandwidth (basic service set) is essentially static, that is, it was very rare or unusual for the BSS bandwidth to change. In contrast, the proposed IEEE 802.1lac WLAN standard allows bandwidth to change dynamically from packet to packet. According to an aspect of the 802.1lac enhanced transmissions proposed and described in greater detail below, the protocol data unit (PPDU) can be modified to support this capability. In addition, PPDU can also be modified to support different modulations (MCS) and transmit power levels on a per-packet basis, and even on a per-segment basis.
    Figure 3 illustrates exemplary contiguous spectra 301 and non-contiguous spectra 302 for a BSS (basic service set) to be configured on your network. When operating contiguous spectra 301, the selected BSS bandwidth can be 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. When operating on non-contiguous spectra 302, the selected BSS bandwidth can be one of the following combinations of segments primary and secondary, where the first bandwidth is listed on the primary segment and the second bandwidth is listed on the secondary segment: 40 MHz + 40 MHz + 40 MHz + 80 MHz, 80 MHz + 40 MHz, and 80 MHz + 80 MHz Note that contiguous transmission modes are not limited to the above bandwidth combinations and can be a combination of any arbitrary bandwidth in general.
    If tones between 40 MHz contiguous units (intermediate tones) are filled with data, then there can be 7 different rates for a given MCS result. The 7 different rates (that is, cases) are illustrated in Table 3 Table 3 = ER AB oa the OA DRA es sc ea UEEENETOO [E RO o Ad aa SEO OA) Ea O IARA Of ao) EE OO ag EE OO and TDI TO ERROR E gg DS Figures 4A and 4B illustrate an exemplary transmission technique in the proposed 802.1lac. To achieve high throughput performance, the WLAN system can determine the available channel bandwidth and bandwidth required for the packet to be transmitted to properly select the contiguous operation mode or not. For example, figure 4A illustrates a WLAN system transmitting message A (401), where message A requires 160 MHz of bandwidth. The system
    WLAN can determine, based on the available spectrum, whether message A can be transmitted with a contiguous transmission (a preferred mode) or should be transmitted with a non-contiguous transmission. Message A can be processed, spread into an appropriate number of segments, and then located in the available spectrum (402). Assuming that the non-contiguous transmission is adequate, message A can be processed and spread into two 80 MHz segments (Al: 403 and A2: 404) and then located in the spectrum available for a non-contiguous transmission (405), as illustrated in figure 4B.
    In the proposed 802.l1lac, BWUs can be configured or structured in a variety of ways. For example, a VHT Information Element can indicate the BWUs available in the BSS using the following information. The "primary channel" is the channel number for the primary 20 MHz channel. The "secondary channel offset" is the offset of the 20 MHz secondary channel with respect to the primary channel, where the offset is one of (-1l, O, +1). Channel BWU 2 is The channel number of the 40 MHz BW unit 2. Channel BWU 3 is The channel number of the 40 MHz BW unit 3. Channel BWU 4 is The channel number of the 40 MHz BW unit 4 Note that channel number "0" indicates an unused band.
    In the proposed 802.1lac, a VHT capacity element can indicate station capacity (STA) with the following information. "Maximum bandwidth" indicates the maximum bandwidth of the packets that the receiving device is capable of receiving (for example, 40/80/160 MHz). The "support for non-contiguous bandwidth" can be "0" or "l". If 0, then the receiving device is not capable of receiving packets using non-contiguous frequency segments. If 1, then the receiving device is capable of receiving packets using non-contiguous frequency segments.
    If maximum BW = 80 MHz, then the receiving device can choose O or 1 for "non-contiguous support". If maximum BW> 80 MHz, then the receiving device must set "non-contiguous support" to 1. Figure 5A illustrates an exemplary BWU structure having two segments, segments 1 and 2 (which imply a non-contiguous transmission). Segment 1 includes BW 1 and BWU 2. BW 1 includes a primary channel (20 MHz) and a secondary channel (20 MHz). BWU 2 has 40 MHz of spectrum.
    Segment 2 includes BWU 3 and BWU 4, which each have 40 MHz of spectrum.
    In accordance with an aspect of enhanced wireless transmission, a bitmap can be used to indicate whether each of BWU 1, BWU 2, BWU 3, or BWU 4 is being used.
    Specifically, each BWU can be assigned a bit number, that is, bit O for BWU 1, bit 1 for BWU 2, bit 2 for BWU 3, and bit 3 for BWU 4. Each of bits 1-3 has a value of "0" if BWU is not used and "l" if BW is used in the package, as shown in Table 4. Since BWU 1 includes both primary and secondary channels, a "0" indicates that only the primary channel is being used and a "l" indicates that both the primary and secondary channels are being used.
    In one embodiment, this bitmap is transmitted as 4 bits in the VHT-SIG-A field, which is provided in the proposed 802.1lac.
    In one embodiment, for any packet bandwidth greater than 40 MHz, BWU 1 must use 40 MHz (Bit 0 = 1). Table 4 1) 2) 3) 4) ELI fa o (Channel used used used
    [wing atttoaA. o ua o fu aaa een only) (Primary & Secondary Channels) Figure 5B illustrates three packet modalities in which the transmission of segment 1 (BW 1 and BWU 2) precedes that of segment 2 (BWU 3 and BWU 4) (this is, the same BWU structure as Figure 5A). Packet 501 is a 20 MHz packet that occupies only the primary channel, which is located on channel 36. Thus, the bandwidth bits for packet 501 are "0000". Packet 502 is a 120 MHz packet in which 40 MHz are located in each of BWU 1 (channels 36, 40), BWU 2 (channel 46), and BWU 4 (channel 159). Thus, the bandwidth bits for packet 502 are "1101". Packet 503 is a 160 MHz packet in which 40 MHz are located in each of BWU 1 (channels 36, 40), BWU 2 (channel 46), BWU 3 (channel 151), and BWU 4 (channel 159). Thus, the bandwidth bits for this modality are "1111". Note that the displacement of the secondary channel (with respect to the primary channel, and with reference to figure 2B) is equal to 1. Note that the bit order in the bit map remains the same regardless of the actual spectrum locations for BWUs .
    For example, figure 5C illustrates three packet modalities in which the transmission of segment 2 (BWU 3) perceives segment 1 (BWU 1 and BW 2). The 505 packet is a 120 MHz packet in which 40 MHz are located on BWU 3 (channel 54), and 40 MHz are located on each of BWU 2 (channel 102) and BWU 1 (channels 108, 112). Thus, the bandwidth bits for packet 505 are "l110". Note that, in packet 505, BWU 1 is located in the highest frequency in the packet and BWU 3 is located in the lowest frequency in the packet.
    Therefore, BW 1 can be characterized as setting the least significant bit (LSB) and BWU 3 can be characterized as setting the most significant bit (MSB). Also note that the secondary channel is a lower frequency than the primary channel.
    Therefore, the secondary channel offset is equal to -l.
    The 506 packet is a 40 MHz packet located on BWU 1 (channels 108, 112). Thus, the bandwidth bits for packet 506 are "1000". The 507 packet is an 80 MHz packet in which 40 MHz are located on BW 1 (channels 108, 112) and 40 MHz are located on BWU 2 (102). Thus, the bandwidth bits for packet 507 are "1100". Notably, the bitmap is also applicable for single segment transmissions.
    For example, figure 5D illustrates two modalities in which only one segment is transmitted.
    In both modes, segment 1 includes the following units of bandwidth listed from low to high frequency: BWU 2, BWU 1, BWU 3 and BWU 4. In these modalities, the primary channel is lower than the secondary channel.
    Therefore, the secondary channel offset is equal to l1. The 510 packet is a 120 MHz packet in which 40 MHz are located in each BWU 1 (channels 108, 112), BWU 3 (channel 118), and BWU 4 (channel 126). Thus, the bandwidth bits for this modality are "1011". Note that Packet 510 transmits using a contiguous spectrum.
    Packet 511 is a 120 MHz packet in which 40 MHz are located in each of BWU 2 (channel 102), BWU 1 (channels 108, 112), and BWU 4 (channel 126). Thus, the bandwidth bits for packet 511 are "1101". Note that packet 511 transmits using a non-contiguous spectrum.
    Figure 6A illustrates an exemplary bitmap table showing five bandwidth unit configurations for contiguous and non-contiguous transmissions. The encoding of this bitmap table can be detected by a receiver, thus allowing the receiver to determine the bandwidth of the packet being received. Note that for any package, the primary channel P20 is used. Specifically, BWU 1 includes the primary 20 MHz (P20) channel, which is located on the first partition. If the transmission is 20 MHz, then only the primary channel P20 is used and the bit map encoding is "0000". This encoding reflects that the bit value in the second partition is equal to O, that is, no transmission in the second partition. On the other hand, if the transmission is 40 MHz, then the bitmap encoding is "1000". This bit encoding reflects that the bit value of the second BMW 1 partition is 1.
    If the transmission is 80 MHz, then the bitmap encoding is 1100 or 1010 depending on the BWUs used (case 3 or case 4). If the transmission is 160 MHz, then the bitmap encoding is 1111. BWUsS can be listed in column order (for example, BWU 2, BWU 1, BWU 3 and BWU 4) to indicate their order in the frequency spectrum . As noted above, the bitmap bits reflect whether the data is present in the ordered BWUs, that is, BWU 1, BWU 2, BWU 3, BWU 4 (and therefore does not provide information regarding the actual transmission order of the BWUsS ). Note that figure 6 shows exemplary and non-exhaustive combinations for a transmitted PPDU.
    Note that the BSS bandwidth corresponds to the maximum bandwidth of any PPDU transmission allowed in the BSS. In this way, the bandwidth of each PPDU transmission can be less than or equal to the BSS bandwidth. In the case of PPDU transmissions in a non-contiguous BSS, the BWUsS can be positioned in different parts of a first segment or a second segment (see figure 5C).
    Figure 6B illustrates a method 610 for transmitting bitmap information in a wireless system. Step 611 determines traffic on a plurality of channels. Step 612 selects the bandwidth for a packet based on available traffic and channel bandwidths. Step 613 generates a bitmap indicating whether each bit width unit is used. Step 614 transmits the bitmap packet on at least one channel.
    In previous WLAN systems, the receiver generally does not need to know the bandwidth of the packet it is receiving since the packet bandwidth is generally static. In the proposed 802.l1lac, the receiver must know the bandwidth of the BWUs to efficiently process the received packet. In one embodiment, a receiver can observe the energy for each part of bandwidth (for example, each 20 MHz subband) and can determine the signal bandwidth based on how many parts of bandwidth have significant energy . For example, if there is a 160 MHz package, the energy detection system can detect an increase in energy across the entire 160 MHz band or all eight 20 MHz subbands. Alternatively, if there is a 20 MHz package , The energy detection system can only detect an increase in energy in the 20 MHz subband. In one embodiment, an automatic gain control unit (AGC) can be used to detect the energy for the given bandwidth.
    In another embodiment, the receiver can use time domain decoding or preamble signature detection to decode the bandwidth information of the signal portion of the message. In IEEE terminology
    802.11, this technique is a type of STF pattern detection in the VHT preamble. Figure 7A illustrates a frequency segment 701 associated with multiple channels, each channel represented by A. The frequency segment 701 has a maximum bandwidth equal to the sum of the bandwidths that are required for all channels A, which includes a primary channel Ar 702. In one mode, each of the channels A and Apr has the same bandwidth (for example, 20 MHz). The transmitted information associated with any channel, that is, channel A or Ar, in the time domain has a sequencing part (including information in both legacy and VHT sequencing fields), a signal part, and a part of data, as shown in figure 7B. In the proposed 802.l1lac, The primary channel Ar includes within the signal part (GIS), information regarding the maximum bandwidth of frequency segment 701. This signal part can also be referred to as the VHT Information Element. In this way, by decoding the signal portion of the information associated with the primary channel Ar, the maximum bandwidth of the message can be determined. As described here, according to an improved transmission, The VHT Information Element can also provide information regarding the BWUs used in BSS. Notably, the package structure described above with segments and multiple BWUs can be extended to other wireless systems. This structure can offer solutions where there may be a large spectrum needed for the packet transmission, but only small slices (or pieces) of spectrum available. These environments suggest that a non-contiguous solution may be necessary. Wireless examples of this environment may include, but are not limited to: (1) IEEE 802.l1lah proposed standard for a sensor network, for example, smart metering, (2) IEEE
    802.11af standard proposed for cognitive radio operation in TV White Spaces (-900 MHz), that is, the spectrum already allocated for TV broadcasters and at the same time unused, and (3) WiFi applications in the 900 MHz band .
    In these applications (and others), the protocol structure may have the following considerations. First, a BWU can be any value that is compatible with the wireless standard. For example, in the proposed 802.l1lac, the BWU is 40 MHz, whereas for 802.1l1ah, the BWU can be 5 MHz. In other applications, the BWU can be greater than or less than 40 MHz. Second , there can be any number of BWUs and / or any number of segments per package. Third, the packet can be transmitted in more than two contiguous spectra. Fourth, BWUs may not be on a contiguous spectrum. Fifth, the specification of the central frequency of the BWU determines the segmentation.
    There are several techniques for transmitting a physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) when BSSs overlap. For example, figure 8A shows a 40 MHz BSS (BSS1) overlapping a 20 MHz BSS (BSS2) on a secondary channel, which can occur on 802.11n. Figure 8B illustrates a first solution in which BSSl1 waits for its transmission until all 40 MHz is available, that is, after the transmission of BSS2. Figure 8C illustrates a second solution in which BSSl can transmit its PPDU using only 20 MHz (after the end of the random backoff) on the primary channel while BSS2 uses the secondary channel for its 20 MHz transmission (which was initiated before transmission by BSS1 ). Note that once the 20 MHz transmission is initiated for BSSl, the transmission must remain at 20 MHz regardless of the availability of 40 MHz after BSS2 completes its transmission.
    Notably, in 802.1lac proposed for a WLAN supporting 80 or 160 MHz, the transmission overlap solution is significantly more challenging. For example, figure 8D illustrates a BSS1 having an 80 MHz transmission overlap with multiple 20 MHz BSSs, i.e. BSS2, BSS3 and BSS4. As shown in figure 8E, using a static bandwidth transmission, BSSl may need to wait a significant time for all 80 MHz to be free. As a result, significant throughput degradation can result in the use of static bandwidth transmission.
    In general, as the BSS bandwidth increases, there is an increased likelihood that BSS will be sharing the broad spectrum with one or more BSSs that overlap in frequency. Overlapping BSSs can have narrower bandwidths than BSS of interest, BSS X. If a transmission in BSS X is made without first checking to see if any overlapping BSS has a transmission in progress, then the collision can occur and degrade the rate of connection transfer. Thus, the perception of the first channel to see if the channel is free to be used is recommended. In the proposed 802.l1lac, and with reference to figure 8F, the transmitter has the ability to perceive what part of the BSS bandwidth is available and dynamically adjust the bandwidth to take advantage of an available channel. For example, in figure 8F, 80 MHz BSSl can be dynamically adjusted to 20 MHz, which can start transmission after the end of the random backoff in BSS1, thus allowing simultaneous transmission with BSS2, BSS3, and BSS4.
    According to an aspect of an improved proposed 802.l1lac WLAN, different modulations can be used in packets and can be applied to other contiguous or non-contiguous transmissions. For example, Figure 9A illustrates a waveform 901, which is a contiguous transmission including a first part of the frequency spectrum transmitted with QPSK modulation and a second part of the frequency spectrum transmitted with 64 QAM modulation. Figure 9B illustrates a 902 waveform, which is a non-contiguous transmission with QPSK modulation and 64 QOAM modulation. Note that a part of the transmission may also have a different power level than the other part of the transmission. For example, in both Figures 9A and 9B, the 64 QAM portion of the frequency spectrum has a higher power level than the QPSK power level. In addition, the two parts of the frequency spectrum can be different bandwidths, such as 20, 40 or 80 MHz.
    Figure 9C illustrates an exemplary technique 920 for providing different modulations and encoding rates for improved transmission. Step 921 determines traffic on a plurality of channels. Step 922 selects the bandwidth for a packet based on available traffic and channel bandwidths. Step 923 selects modulation and encoding rate from a plurality of associated modulations and encoding rates. Step 924 transmits the packet with modulation and encoding rate information on at least one channel.
    In short, the MCS, transmitted power, and / or bandwidth can be different between different segments.
    Figures 10A, 10B and 10C illustrate exemplary modulation schemes for improved transmission. Note that the proposed 802.1lac package format includes a legacy part, a VHT part and data. The legacy part has L-STF and L-LTF sequencing fields, in addition to a signal field (L-SIG). The VHT part has VHT-STF and VHT-LTF sequencing fields, which are sandwiched between the VHT-SIG-A and VHT-SIG-B signal fields. Figure 10A illustrates a contiguous spectrum for an 802.1lac packet including 20 MHz x 4 legacy and VHT symbols followed by 80 MHz x 1 data. Note that VRT-SIG-A (which forms part of the set of VHT symbols in figures 10A to 10C) includes bandwidth and MCS information (modulation).
    Figures 10B and 10C illustrate two segments, segment 1 and segment 2, respectively, of a non-contiguous package. Each segment can have a bandwidth of 40 MHz. In one mode, a transmitter in a WLAN system, generically called "llax", can select and designate the modulation for each segment. For example, in segment 1 (figure 10B), the MCS1 modulation is selected from the available MCS1 and MCS2 modulations. In contrast, the MCS2 modulation is selected for segment 2 (figure 10C) from the available modulations of MCS1 and MCS2. In other modalities, more than two modulations can be provided in the set of available modulations. Exemplary modulations include BPSK 1/2, OPSK 1/2, QPSK 3/4, 16-QAM 1/2, 16-QAM 3/4, 64-QAM 2/3, 64-QAM 3/4, 64-QAM 5/6, and 256-QAM. It is noted that The set of available modulations may vary from segment to segment in other modalities. In a modality, regardless of contiguous transmission or not, the legacy and VHT symbols are repeated for each increment of minimum bandwidth. In figures 10A to 10C, the minimum bandwidth increment is 20 MHz. Other modalities may provide greater minimum bandwidth increments.
    Additional methods and circuits to provide improved performance for dynamic PPDU bandwidth transmission are described below.
    Figure 11 illustrates how a synthesizer with a very short fixation time (for example, <.2 microseconds) can be used to meet various performance requirements (described with reference to figure 12 and also shown in Table 4). In one embodiment, the carrier frequency for the PPDU transmission is changed from the synthesizer frequency to avoid transmission losses outside the intended transmission bandwidth.
    Figure 12 illustrates an improved calibration method to compensate for analog losses. In this method, signals in phase and out of phase are compared as shown by "TX IQ mismatch". In a preferred embodiment, this error can be pre-measured and pre-compensated in the digital domain. Note that the synthesizer frequency is fixed in the center of the BSS bandwidth, that is, "leakage LO LO" (which always has some leakage). However, due to the frequency shift of the synthesizer, the actual transmission and its IQ mismatch will be located symmetrically on each side of the TX LO leak (that is, the frequency of the synthesizer). As shown in figure 12, in the worst case, the
    ; r 20 MHz PPDU transmitter is located near the edge of the BSS bandwidth. Table 4 lack of | -45 dBr —-35 to —- 40 dBr
    OCT EE When in a 60 MHz BSS, a WLAN system can transmit a message having a bandwidth of 20, 40, 80 or 160 MHz, as shown in figure 13A. For these bandwidths, the ideal carrier can be fc20, fc40, fc80 or fcl160, respectively (where "fc" indicates the central frequency of the related bandwidth). In one embodiment, to provide this ideal carrier, a wireless system can include four synthesizers, for example, synthesizers 1301, 1302, 1303, and 1304, as illustrated in figure 13B. The 1301-1304 synthesizers each receive an output from the VCO and provide their synthesized outputs to a 1305 multiplexer. Using a frequency-selected control signal for the 1305 multiplexer, the wireless system can select the synthesized signal that proves the carrier ideal depending on the bandwidth of the package. Furthermore, since the 1301-1304 synthesizers operate in parallel, fixation time problems are minimized. The selected signal is then mixed with an RF signal, thereby generating an output baseband signal. Figure 14A illustrates an exemplary transmitter that facilitates the generation of improved intermediate frequency (IF). Specifically, in the configuration shown, the base band I and Q outputs of an IFFT 1401 are digitally mixed in the mixer 1402 with a first frequency fl before being provided for digital to analog converters (DACs) 1403. DACS 1403 generates signals , in the first IFl.
    Low pass filters 1404 receive the signal at IF1 and generate signals at the second IF2. Mixers 1405 receive the outputs in 1F2 and generate inputs for adder 1406, which, in turn, generate a signal in IF3. A bandpass filter 1407 receives the output at IF3 and generates a signal at IF4. A mixer 1408 mixes the signal at IF4 with a third frequency f3 and generates an RF frequency.
    Figure 14B illustrates that a digital IF, that is, with an appropriate frequency selection fl, can minimize the actual amount of interference being emitted outside the intended transmission spectrum.
    Specifically, the lower the frequency fl, the more accurate The bandpass filter 1407 must be to optimally filter the signal at 1IF3. Therefore, in a modality, the frequency f1 is made as high as possible.
    In one mode, in the proposed 802.l1l1ac, £ f1 is 352 MHz, f2 is 1.8 GHz, and f3 is 2.748-3.698 GHz.
    In the case of operating within a non-contiguous BSS (such as 80 + 80 MHz BSS), the bandwidth of a packet to be transmitted in each frequency segment can vary from packet to packet.
    In that case, each frequency segment may need to support dynamic bandwidth through any combination of options described above.
    For example, the transmitter may employ two synthesizers, one for each frequency segment, each of which may have a very short set time (for example, <2 us). In another embodiment, a frequency segment can employ a frequency synthesizer that has a very short fixation time, while the other frequency segment can select one of multiple working synthesizers - simultaneously (see, for example, figure 13B). Non-contiguous transmissions have two frequency segments that have a frequency separation
    + r, arbitrary. In one embodiment, the signals for these frequency segments can be converted upwards to their respective RF frequency using separate mixers. However, in another simpler modality, two synthesizers can be provided, one for each frequency segment. In another additional embodiment, shown in figure 15, a single synthesizer 1501 and few mixers actually implement two synthesizers. In one configuration, the circuit comprises synthesizer 1501 and three mixers 1502, 1503 and 1504. Synthesizer 1501 generates a signal at frequency fs, which is provided for mixer 1502. Mixer 1502 mixes the signal in fs with another signal in the first frequency fl, and generates two signals at frequencies fcl and fc2. Mixer 1503 mixes the fcl signal with the signal for frequency segment 1 to generate the RF signal for frequency segment 1. Similarly, mixer 1504 mixes the signal at fc2 with the signal for frequency segment 2 to generate the RF signal from frequency segment 2.
    In figure 15, the frequencies fcl and fc2 indicate the central frequencies of the related bandwidths for frequency segments 1 and 2, respectively. In a preferred embodiment, fs = (fcl + fc2) / 2 and f1 = (fcl- fc2) / 2, where fcl is greater than fc2. In this case, fcl = fs + fl and fc2 = fs - fl. Thus, by an appropriate selection of fx frequency, the two carrier signals in fcl and fc2 can optimize the performance of the WLAN system. Furthermore, in this configuration, synthesizer 1501 and mixers 1502, 1503 and 1504 can effectively operate as two synthesizers.
    In a WLAN system, the transmitter is a non-contiguous device (for example, 80
    “, MHz + 80 MHz), but The receiver is a contiguous device (for example, 160 MHz). To minimize this difference, the transmitter can transmit a 1601 waveform with two non-contiguous frequency segments positioned close to each other, as shown in figure 16A. However, as noted above, each frequency segment can have a separate "carrier (and thus a separate synthesizer). As a result, each carrier can be a separate phase shown as ql and 402. Thus, despite the transmission spectrum may appear to be a contiguous 160 MHz spectrum, the phase of the two carriers of the transmitter may not be correlated due to different phase noises from each synthesizer. As a contiguous device, the receiver typically has only one carrier and thus only one phase, shown as ÀQ in a waveform 1602 in figure 16B. In addition, as shown in waveform 1602, the frequency segments received have a phase ql and «2, respectively. The designation of a receiver to operate effectively it can be a challenge since, as noted above, the phase (and phase noise) of the two transmitter carriers may not be correlated, so the receiver (a contiguous device) may not receive properly receive the transmitter signal (a non-contiguous device). In one mode using a digital solution, the receiver can perform phase tracking for every 80 MHz. In another mode, all transmitter synthesizers “can be designed to have correlated phase and phase noise, as indicated by the step
    1603.
    :, Note that The digital analog circuitry may be required for a WLAN device to support two spectra when transmitting or receiving a packet. In one embodiment, to reduce the cost of this device, it can be designed to support more than one application. For example, the requirements for non-contiguous and multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) operation can be very similar. Figure 17 illustrates a 1700 transceiver that can support both non-contiguous and MIMO operation using switches 1701, 1702 and 1703.
    Switch 1701 determines whether mixers receive signals from only one Synthl synthesizer or if half of the mixers receive signals from the first Synthl synthesizer and the other half of the mixers receive signals from a second Synth2 synthesizer. Switch 1702 determines whether the outputs of the power amplifiers PA1 and PA2 are added and provided for only a first antenna (ANT1) or provided respectively for the first ANT1 antenna and a second ANT2 antenna. Switch 1703 determines whether the outputs of the low noise amplifiers LNAl and LNA2 are provided for only one mixer or for two mixers for subsequent receive processing.
    Using the switches 1701, 1702, and 1703, the 1700 transceiver can selectively support the 160 MHz non-contiguous 3x3 transmission, the 80 MHz contiguous 6x6 transmission, the 80 MHz 80 MHz 2x2 operation, and the 80 + 80 MHz transmission non-contiguous 1x1. Using similar switching configurations, WLAN systems can also implement spatial WLAN modes Or implement WLAN modes that may require greater bandwidth.
    . ,
    While several modalities have been described, it may be apparent to those skilled in the art that other modalities and implementations may be possible and are within the scope of the modalities.
    For example, any combination of any of the systems or methods described in that description may be possible.
    In addition, the systems and methods described above can be targeted to WLAN systems or other wireless systems.
    In one embodiment, with reference again to Figure 7B, the selected modulation and encoding rate for a predetermined number of subsequent packets transmitted sequentially can be provided in data field 703 of the packet.
    Therefore, it should be appreciated that the invention should not be considered limited by such modalities, but, instead, considered in accordance with the claims below.
    权利要求:
    Claims (27)
    [1]
    1. Method for transmitting information on a wireless system, the method comprising: determining traffic on a plurality of channels; select a bandwidth for a packet based on traffic and available channel bandwidths; selecting a modulation and encoding rate from a plurality of associated modulations and encoding rates, the modulation and encoding rate applied to a segment of the packet, each segment including one or more units of bandwidth; and transmitting the packet on at least one channel, the packet including the selected modulation and encoding rate.
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, further including adjusting the selected modulation and encoding rate, as needed, on a per-packet basis.
    [3]
    Method according to claim 1, wherein the bandwidth of the packet is provided in a contiguous spectrum.
    [4]
    Method according to claim 1, wherein the packet bandwidth is provided in a non-contiguous spectrum, and in which the method further includes: correlating phases of any synthesizers; and positioning two segments of the package adjacent to each other in a waveform.
    [5]
    A method according to claim 1, wherein at least one unit of bandwidth is 40 MHz a, and the package has a maximum of four units of bandwidth.
    [6]
    A method according to claim 1, wherein a unit of bandwidth provided on a primary channel includes a symbol specifying the selected modulation and encoding rate.
    [7]
    Method according to claim 6, further including using unequal bandwidths in the bandwidth units.
    [8]
    8. Method according to claim 4, further including: providing a bitmap that specifies whether each unit of bandwidth is used in the packet.
    [9]
    A method according to claim 8, wherein an order of bandwidth units in the bitmap is independent of an actual transmission of the bandwidth units.
    [10]
    A method according to claim 1, wherein the package comprises multiple segments.
    [11]
    11. Method according to claim 1, further including: providing information regarding a predetermined number of subsequent packets transmitted sequentially, having the modulation and encoding rate selected in a packet data field.
    [12]
    12. Method for transmitting information on a wireless system, the method comprising: determining traffic on a plurality of channels; selecting a bandwidth per packet based on available traffic and channel bandwidth, the bandwidth being divisible into a maximum allowed number of bandwidth units;
    ã 'generate a bitmap that indicates whether each unit of bandwidth is used; and transmitting the packet including the bitmap on at least one channel.
    [13]
    A method according to claim 12, wherein an order of bandwidth units in the bitmap is independent of an actual transmission of the bitwidth units.
    [14]
    14. Wireless device, comprising: a transmitter on which; the transmitter is configured to determine traffic on a plurality of channels; the transmitter is configured to select a bandwidth based on traffic and available bandwidth and channel; the transmitter is configured to select a modulation and encoding rate from a plurality of modulations; the transmitter is configured to apply the selected modulation and encoding rate to a segment of the packet, each segment including one or more units of bandwidth; and the transmitter is configured to transmit the packet on at least one channel.
    [15]
    Wireless device according to claim 14, in which the transmitter is further configured to change the selected modulation, as needed, on a per-packet basis.
    [16]
    16. Wireless device according to claim 14, in which the transmitter is configured to provide the bandwidth of the packet in a contiguous spectrum.
    + is
    [17]
    17. Wireless device according to claim 14, in which the transmitter is configured to provide the bandwidth of the packet in a non-contiguous spectrum.
    [18]
    18. Wireless device according to claim 14, in which the transmitter is configured to limit the packet to a maximum of four units of bandwidth.
    [19]
    19. Wireless device according to claim 14, in which the transmitter is configured to include a symbol specifying the modulation and encoding rate in a unit of bandwidth, and to provide a unit of bandwidth in a primary channel .
    [20]
    20. Wireless device according to claim 14, in which the transmitter is additionally configured to transmit a bitmap that indicates the use of bandwidth units.
    [21]
    21. A wireless device according to claim 14, in which the transmitter includes a synthesizer having a return time of less than 2us.
    [22]
    22. A wireless device according to claim 14, in which the transmitter includes a synthesizer having a frequency shift of a transmission frequency.
    [23]
    23. A wireless device according to claim 14, in which the transmitter supports Very High Transfer Rate (VHT) packets.
    [24]
    24. A wireless device comprising: a transmitter on which; the transmitter is configured to determine traffic on a plurality of channels; the transmitter is configured to select a bandwidth for a packet based on traffic and available channel bandwidths, the bandwidth being divisible into a maximum allowed number of bandwidth units; the transmitter is configured to generate a bitmap that indicates whether each unit of bit width is used; and the transmitter is configured to transmit the packet including the bitmap on at least one channel.
    [25]
    A device according to claim 24, in which an order of bandwidth units in the bit map is independent of an actual transmission of the bit width units.
    [26]
    26. Wireless system, comprising: first and second transceivers; and switches “to selectively configure the first and second transceivers for one of the non-contiguous frequency operation and the multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) operation.
    [27]
    27. Method for transmitting a packet from a transmitter to a known receiver, the transmitter configured for at least the non-contiguous frequency operation and the receiver configured for only the contiguous frequency operation, the method comprising: correlating phases of either the synthesizers in the transmitter; positioning any segments of the package adjacent to each other in a waveform; and transmit the waveform to the receiver.
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    法律状态:
    2020-08-18| B08F| Application dismissed because of non-payment of annual fees [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]|Free format text: ARQUIVADO O PEDIDO DE PATENTE, NOS TERMOS DO ARTIGO 86, DA LPI, E ARTIGO 10 DA RESOLUCAO 113/2013, REFERENTE AO NAO RECOLHIMENTO DA 8A RETRIBUICAO ANUAL, PARA FINS DE RESTAURACAO CONFORME ARTIGO 87 DA LPI 9.279, SOB PENA DA MANUTENCAO DO ARQUIVAMENTO CASO NAO SEJA RESTAURADO DENTRO DO PRAZO LEGAL, CONFORME O DISPOSTO NO ARTIGO 12 DA RESOLUCAO 113/2013. |
    2020-12-08| B08K| Patent lapsed as no evidence of payment of the annual fee has been furnished to inpi [chapter 8.11 patent gazette]|Free format text: EM VIRTUDE DO ARQUIVAMENTO PUBLICADO NA RPI 2589 DE 18-08-2020 E CONSIDERANDO AUSENCIA DE MANIFESTACAO DENTRO DOS PRAZOS LEGAIS, INFORMO QUE CABE SER MANTIDO O ARQUIVAMENTO DO PEDIDO DE PATENTE, CONFORME O DISPOSTO NO ARTIGO 12, DA RESOLUCAO 113/2013. |
    2021-11-03| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|
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    US201161449449P| true| 2011-03-04|2011-03-04|
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    PCT/US2012/026651|WO2012121909A1|2011-03-04|2012-02-24|Adaptive packet based modulation and coding rate selection based for wide bandwidth data transmissions|
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